While we always hope that harm will never come to our beloved pets, reality forces us to realize that it is a possibility that should not be ignored. Responsible pet owners do their best to ensure that their pets are safe and secure at all times yet even the most diligent of pet owners can have tragedy befall them at least expected moments. Knowledge of basic first aid is vital for pet owners, as it could potentially save the life of a dog or cat.

More often than not, veterinarians receive phone calls from panic stricken pet owners who are unaware of what the first step should be when a pet has suddenly become injured or fallen ill. The three most fundamental rules when administering first aid care to any animal are to 1. Remain calm. 2. Be prepared.

3. Always use caution. (Sick or injured animals may be in pain, scared and confused and have the potential to bite or scratch even when our intentions are to help them. Never assume that because an animal is normally gentle that it will not bite when sick or injured.)

The majority of medical pet emergencies occur in the home. As a responsible pet owner you should make up a first aid kit and keep it in an accessible area of the home. What should the first aid kit contain? Thinking of your own first aid kit, try to assemble a kit for pets that resembles the one for you (minus medications that may be included in a human first aid kit). The essentials of your pets' first aid kit should include:

n The phone numbers of your veterinary clinic and its emergency number.

n Hydrogen Peroxide (administered orally to induce vomiting and to clean wounds)

n Activated charcoal or Milk of Magnesia – to absorb toxins/poisons.

Note: Always make contact with a veterinarian and get advice before administering the peroxide, activated charcoal or milk of magnesia.

n A digital thermometer- to check the pets' temperature. The temp should be taken rectally (never place the thermometer in the pets' mouth.)

n A leash- which can be used to transport an animal that can walk without causing itself further injury.

n Non- stick bandages, clean strips of cloth or small towels can be used to control bleeding (like a tourniquet) or to protect wounds.

n Gauze can be used to wrap wounds or can double as a homemade muzzle for an injured animal.

n Adhesive tape can be used to secure gauze or bandages.

n Dropper or Syringe can be used to administer medications recommended by the vet during the emergency situation or to flush wounds.

n A Blanket or Large Towel can be used as a form of restraint for small animals, also to help stabilize fractures, or to transport larger animals (like a stretcher).

If you suspect that your pet has been injured, try to stabilize injuries before moving the pet, and call the vet ahead of time so that they are ready for you when you arrive.

If you suspect that your pet has been poisoned or exposed to a toxin, attempt to identify the toxin. Pets can become poisoned from a wide variety of things, including common household products like cleaning agents, antifreeze, pesticides, rodenticides and even food products. It is important to familiarize yourself with common items that your pet can become poisoned by, as well as the symptoms that may present following exposure.

If you suspect that your pet has ingested something harmful, call your veterinarian immediately. Pet emergencies can range from minor, requiring minimal care, to fatal if not addressed in the appropriate time. There are certain pet emergencies that will always require immediate care from a veterinarian no matter how well prepared you are.

Also remember that while it is important to be prepared for pet emergencies, self administered first aid for your pet should not be used as a substitute for emergency care.